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Module Format: pretty printing

This module implements a pretty-printing facility to format text within ``pretty-printing boxes''. The pretty-printer breaks lines at specified break hints, and indents lines according to the box structure.
Rule of thumb for casual users:
use simple boxes (as obtained by open_box 0);
use simple break hints (as obtained by print_cut () that outputs a simple break hint, or by print_space () that ouputs a space indicating a break hint);
once a box is opened, display its material with basic printing functions (e. g. print_int and print_string);
when the material for a box has been printed, call close_box () to close the box;
at the end of your routine, evaluate print_newline () to close all remaining boxes and flush the pretty-printer.
You may alternatively consider this module as providing an extension to the printf facility: you can simply add pretty-printing annotations to your regular printf formats, as explained below in the documentation of the function fprintf.
The behaviour of pretty-printing commands is unspecified if there is no opened pretty-printing box. Each box opened via one of the open_ functions below must be closed using close_box for proper formatting. Otherwise, some of the material printed in the boxes may not be output, or may be formatted incorrectly.
In case of interactive use, the system closes all opened boxes and flushes all pending text (as with the print_newline function) after each phrase. Each phrase is therefore executed in the initial state of the pretty-printer.

Boxes 

val open_box : int -> unit;;
open_box d opens a new pretty-printing box with offset d. This box is the general purpose pretty-printing box. Material in this box is displayed ``horizontal or vertical'': break hints inside the box may lead to a new line, if there is no more room on the line to print the remainder of the box, or if a new line may lead to a new indentation (demonstrating the indentation of the box). When a new line is printed in the box, d is added to the current indentation. 
val close_box : unit -> unit;;
Close the most recently opened pretty-printing box.

Formatting functions 

val print_string : string -> unit;;
print_string str prints str in the current box. 
val print_as : int -> string -> unit;;
print_as len str prints str in the current box. The pretty-printer formats str as if it were of length len. 
val print_int : int -> unit;;
Print an integer in the current box. 
val print_float : float -> unit;;
Print a floating point number in the current box. 
val print_char : char -> unit;;
Print a character in the current box. 
val print_bool : bool -> unit;;
Print an boolean in the current box.

Break hints 

val print_space : unit -> unit;;
print_space () is used to separate items (typically to print a space between two words). It indicates that the line may be split at this point. It either prints one space or splits the line. It is equivalent to print_break 1 0. 
val print_cut : unit -> unit;;
print_cut () is used to mark a good break position. It indicates that the line may be split at this point. It either prints nothing or splits the line. This allows line splitting at the current point, without printing spaces or adding indentation. It is equivalent to print_break 0 0. 
val print_break : int -> int -> unit;;
Insert a break hint in a pretty-printing box. print_break nspaces offset indicates that the line may be split (a newline character is printed) at this point, if the contents of the current box does not fit on one line. If the line is split at that point, offset is added to the current indentation. If the line is not split, nspaces spaces are printed. 
val print_flush : unit -> unit;;
Flush the pretty printer: all opened boxes are closed, and all pending text is displayed. 
val print_newline : unit -> unit;;
Equivalent to print_flush followed by a new line. 
val force_newline : unit -> unit;;
Force a newline in the current box. Not the normal way of pretty-printing, you should prefer break hints. 
val print_if_newline : unit -> unit;;
Execute the next formatting command if the preceding line has just been split. Otherwise, ignore the next formatting command.

Margin 

val set_margin : int -> unit;;
set_margin d sets the value of the right margin to d (in characters): this value is used to detect line overflows that leads to split lines. Nothing happens if d is smaller than 2 or bigger than 999999999. 
val get_margin : unit -> int;;
Return the position of the right margin.

Maximum indentation limit 

val set_max_indent : int -> unit;;
set_max_indent d sets the value of the maximum indentation limit to d (in characters): once this limit is reached, boxes are rejected to the left, if they do not fit on the current line. Nothing happens if d is smaller than 2 or bigger than 999999999. 
val get_max_indent : unit -> int;;
Return the value of the maximum indentation limit (in characters).

Formatting depth: maximum number of boxes allowed before ellipsis 

val set_max_boxes : int -> unit;;
set_max_boxes max sets the maximum number of boxes simultaneously opened. Material inside boxes nested deeper is printed as an ellipsis (more precisely as the text returned by get_ellipsis_text ()). Nothing happens if max is not greater than 1. 
val get_max_boxes : unit -> int;;
Return the maximum number of boxes allowed before ellipsis. 
val over_max_boxes : unit -> bool;;
Test the maximum number of boxes allowed have already been opened.

Advanced formatting 

val open_hbox : unit -> unit;;
open_hbox () opens a new pretty-printing box. This box is ``horizontal'': the line is not split in this box (new lines may still occur inside boxes nested deeper). 
val open_vbox : int -> unit;;
open_vbox d opens a new pretty-printing box with offset d. This box is ``vertical'': every break hint inside this box leads to a new line. When a new line is printed in the box, d is added to the current indentation. 
val open_hvbox : int -> unit;;
open_hvbox d opens a new pretty-printing box with offset d. This box is ``horizontal-vertical'': it behaves as an ``horizontal'' box if it fits on a single line, otherwise it behaves as a ``vertical'' box. When a new line is printed in the box, d is added to the current indentation. 
val open_hovbox : int -> unit;;
open_hovbox d opens a new pretty-printing box with offset d. This box is ``horizontal or vertical'': break hints inside this box may lead to a new line, if there is no more room on the line to print the remainder of the box. When a new line is printed in the box, d is added to the current indentation.

Tabulations 

val open_tbox : unit -> unit;;
Open a tabulation box. 
val close_tbox : unit -> unit;;
Close the most recently opened tabulation box. 
val print_tbreak : int -> int -> unit;;
Break hint in a tabulation box. print_tbreak spaces offset moves the insertion point to the next tabulation (spaces being added to this position). Nothing occurs if insertion point is already on a tabulation mark. If there is no next tabulation on the line, then a newline is printed and the insertion point moves to the first tabulation of the box. If a new line is printed, offset is added to the current indentation. 
val set_tab : unit -> unit;;
Set a tabulation mark at the current insertion point. 
val print_tab : unit -> unit;;
print_tab () is equivalent to print_tbreak (0,0).

Ellipsis 

val set_ellipsis_text : string -> unit;;
Set the text of the ellipsis printed when too many boxes are opened (a single dot, ., by default). 
val get_ellipsis_text : unit -> string;;
Return the text of the ellipsis.

Redirecting formatter output 

val set_formatter_out_channel : out_channel -> unit;;
Redirect the pretty-printer output to the given channel. 
val set_formatter_output_functions :
      (string -> int -> int -> unit) -> (unit -> unit) -> unit;;
set_formatter_output_functions out flush redirects the pretty-printer output to the functions out and flush. The out function performs the pretty-printer output. It is called with a string s, a start position p, and a number of characters n; it is supposed to output characters p to p+n-1 of s. The flush function is called whenever the pretty-printer is flushed using print_flush or print_newline. 
val get_formatter_output_functions :
        unit -> (string -> int -> int -> unit) * (unit -> unit);;
Return the current output functions of the pretty-printer.

Multiple formatted output 

type formatter;;
Abstract data type corresponding to a pretty-printer and all its machinery. Defining new pretty-printers permits the output of material in parallel on several channels. Parameters of the pretty-printer are local to the pretty-printer: margin, maximum indentation limit, maximum number of boxes simultaneously opened, ellipsis, and so on, are specific to each pretty-printer and may be fixed independently. A new formatter is obtained by calling the make_formatter function. 
val std_formatter : formatter;;
The standard formatter used by the formatting functions above. It is defined using make_formatter with output function output stdout and flushing function fun () -> flush stdout. 
val err_formatter : formatter;;
A formatter to use with formatting functions below for output to standard error. It is defined using make_formatter with output function output stderr and flushing function fun () -> flush stderr. 
val make_formatter :
        (string -> int -> int -> unit) -> (unit -> unit) -> formatter;;
make_formatter out flush returns a new formatter that writes according to the output function out, and flushing function flush. Hence, a formatter to out channel oc is returned by make_formatter (output oc) (fun () -> flush oc). 
val pp_open_hbox : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_open_vbox : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_open_hvbox : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_open_hovbox : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_open_box : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_close_box : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_print_string : formatter -> string -> unit;;
val pp_print_as : formatter -> int -> string -> unit;;
val pp_print_int : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_print_float : formatter -> float -> unit;;
val pp_print_char : formatter -> char -> unit;;
val pp_print_bool : formatter -> bool -> unit;;
val pp_print_break : formatter -> int -> int -> unit;;
val pp_print_cut : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_print_space : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_force_newline : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_print_flush : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_print_newline : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_print_if_newline : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_open_tbox : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_close_tbox : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_print_tbreak : formatter -> int -> int -> unit;;
val pp_set_tab : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_print_tab : formatter -> unit -> unit;;
val pp_set_margin : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_get_margin : formatter -> unit -> int;;
val pp_set_max_indent : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_get_max_indent : formatter -> unit -> int;;
val pp_set_max_boxes : formatter -> int -> unit;;
val pp_get_max_boxes : formatter -> unit -> int;;
val pp_over_max_boxes : formatter -> unit -> bool;;
val pp_set_ellipsis_text : formatter -> string -> unit;;
val pp_get_ellipsis_text : formatter -> unit -> string;;
val pp_set_formatter_out_channel : formatter -> out_channel -> unit;;
val pp_set_formatter_output_functions : formatter ->
        (string -> int -> int -> unit) -> (unit -> unit) -> unit;;
val pp_get_formatter_output_functions :
        formatter -> unit -> (string -> int -> int -> unit) * (unit -> unit);;
The basic functions to use with formatters. These functions are the basic ones: usual functions operating on the standard formatter are defined via partial evaluation of these primitives. For instance, print_string is equal to pp_print_string std_formatter. 
val fprintf : formatter -> ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a;;
fprintf ff format arg1 ... argN formats the arguments arg1 to argN according to the format string format, and outputs the resulting string on the formatter ff. The format is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters and conversion specifications as specified in the printf module, and pretty-printing indications. The pretty-printing indication characters are introduced by a @ character, and their meanings are:
[: open a pretty-printing box. The type and offset of the box may be optionally specified with the following syntax: the < character, followed by an optional box type indication, then an optional integer offset, and the closing > character. Box type is one of h, v, hv, or hov, which stand respectively for an horizontal, vertical, ``horizontal-vertical'' and ``horizontal or vertical'' box.
]: close the most recently opened pretty-printing box.
,: output a good break as with print_cut ().
: output a space, as with print_space ().
\n: force a newline, as with force_newline ().
;: output a good break as with print_break. The nspaces and offset parameters of the break may be optionally specified with the following syntax: the < character, followed by an integer nspaces value, then an integer offset, and a closing > character.
.: flush the pretty printer as with print_newline ().
@: a plain @ character. 
val printf : ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a;;
Same as fprintf, but output on std_formatter. 
val eprintf: ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a;;
Same as fprintf, but output on err_formatter.
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